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Far more complex calculations in a fraction of the time: the theoretical performance of quantum computers leaves conventional PCs in the dust. Although quantum computing currently remains largely theoretical, it already presents serious challenges for cryptographers. With the help of quantum computers, it may soon be possible to crack encryption systems that are currently considered secure.

From bits to qubits
New encryption methods must therefore obey the laws of quantum mechanics. In contrast to binary bits, which store information in chains of zeros and ones, the information units in a quantum computer are more complex. The principle of quantum superposition means that the so-called qubit is not simply a zero or one, but can actually assume both states simultaneously – and these states can also influence one another.

However, a qubit is both fragile and prone to error: if it is observed, the quantum superposition – and therefore the information – is lost. Qubits must therefore be decoded without ‘looking’.

This is the starting point for the research of Dr. James Wootton, who is working on quantum theory as a postdoc at the ÐÇ¿Õ´«Ã½. Wootton is looking for an algorithm which can be used to correct errors in qubits without the loss of information. In doing so, he is adopting the unusual approach of seeking help from everyone who whips out their smartphone at the bus stop to pass the time until the next bus.

Decoding + Sudoku = Decodoku
Wootton has translated his research into a game, and Decodoku resembles Sudoku in more than just name. It requires users to rack their brains and solve puzzles to achieve a new high score, while simultaneously doing their bit for science. Innovative approaches to solutions will, Wootton says, provide him with clues as to how to design an algorithm for quantum error correction. “The problems built into the game are very difficult for computers to solve – humans, on the other hand, find them considerably easier. We’re trying to work out why this is the case and what conclusions we can draw from it,” says Wootton of the motivation behind the game.